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Quinolones may cause central nervous system (CNS) events including nervousness, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, nightmares, or paranoia Administer gatifloxacin with caution in the presence of renal insufficiency. Careful clinical observation and appropriate laboratory studies should be performed prior to and during therapy since elimination of gatifloxacin may be reduced. In patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min), adjustment of the dosage regimen is necessary to avoid the accumulation of gatifloxacin due to decreased clearance Because a hypotonic solution results, Water for Injection should not be used as a diluent when preparing a 2 mg/mL solution from the concentrated solution of gatifloxacin (10 mg/mL) Disturbances of blood glucose homeostasis have been reported during the postmarketing period Information for Patients To assure safe and effective use of Tequin, the following information and instructions should be communicated to the patient when appropriate. Special Information If You Are Pregnant Or BreastfeedingIf you experience any of these, you should immediately stop taking this medicine and contact your personal health care provider. You should also stop taking this medication if you begin experiencing any symptoms of an allergy to this drug. Less severe side effects of Tequin are also possible. ADULTS Acute Sinus Infections The usual dose is 400 milligrams taken once a day for 10 days. Gatifloxacin was negative in four in vivo assays that included oral and intravenous micronucleus tests in mice, an oral cytogenetics test in rats, and an oral DNA repair test in rats. OverdosageThese doses are approximately 0.36 (males) and 0.81 (females) times the maximum recommended human dose based upon daily systemic exposure. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia was seen in males treated with a high dose of 100 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.74 times the maximum recommended human dose based upon daily systemic exposure) versus controls. Although Fischer 344 rats have a high spontaneous background rate of LGL leukemia, the incidence in high-dose males slightly exceeded the historical control range established for this strain. The findings in high-dose males are not considered a concern with regard to the safe use of gatifloxacin in humans. Tequin Adverse ReactionsGatifloxacin is excreted in the breast milk of rats. The safety and effectiveness of gatifloxacin in pediatric populations (less than 18 years of age) have not been established. Gatifloxacin was discontinued for adverse events thought related to drug in 2.7% of patients. Drug-related adverse events classified as possibly, probably, or definitely related with a frequency of greater than /=3% in patients receiving gatifloxacin in single- and multiple-dose clinical trials are as follows: nausea 8%, vaginitis 6%, diarrhea 4%, headache 3%, dizziness 3%. In patients who were treated with either intravenous gatifloxacin or with intravenous followed by oral therapy, the incidence of adverse events was similar to those who received oral therapy alone. Tequin Drug-Drug InteractionsDevelopmental delays in skeletal ossification, including wavy ribs, were observed in fetuses from rats given oral doses of greater than /=150 mg/kg or intravenous doses of greater than /=30 mg/kg daily during organogenesis, suggesting that gatifloxacin is slightly fetotoxic at these doses. Similar findings have been seen with other quinolones. These changes were not seen in rats or rabbits given oral doses of gatifloxacin up to 50 mg/kg (approximately 0.2 and 1.9 times the maximum human dose, respectively, based on systemic exposure). When rats were given oral doses of 200 mg/kg of gatifloxacin beginning in late pregnancy and continuing throughout lactation, late postimplantation loss increased, as did neonatal and perinatal mortalities. In patients who display signs and/or symptoms of digoxin intoxication, serum digoxin concentrations should be determined, and digoxin dosage should be adjusted as appropriate. The pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin was not altered by digoxin. No significant pharmacokinetic interactions occur when cimetidine, midazolam, theophylline, warfarin, or glyburide is administered concomitantly with Tequin (gatifloxacin). These results and the data from in vitro studies suggest that gatifloxacin is unlikely to significantly alter the metabolic clearance of drugs metabolized by CYP3A, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 isoenzymes. |
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