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Continued depression of the myocardium with beta-blockers can, in some patients, precipitate cardiac failure. ADULTS Dosage is tailored to each individual's needs. The usual starting dose is 2.5 milligrams of bisoprolol with 6.25 milligrams of hydrochlorothiazide once a day. If this dose is ineffective, the dose may be increased every 14 days up to a maximum of 20 milligrams bisoprolol/12.5 milligrams hydrochlorothiazide once a day. If you have asthma, bronchial problems, or kidney or liver disease, the doctor may have you take a very low starting dose. Extreme caution should be used if the dose has to be increased. Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. PrecautionsThiazides have been shown to increase the urinary excretion of magnesium; this may result in hypomagnesemia. Warning signs or symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalance include dryness of mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, muscle pains or cramps, muscular fatigue, hypotension, oliguria, tachycardia, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. Discontinuation rates for AEs were similar for bisoprolol fumarate/HCTZ 6.25 mg and placebo-treated patients. Adverse ReactionsFatigue, asthenia, chest pain, malaise, edema, weight gain, angioedema. There are limited data on overdose with Ziac. However, several cases of overdose with bisoprolol fumarate have been reported (maximum: 2000 mg). Bradycardia and/or hypotension were noted. Sympathomimetic agents were given in some cases, and all patients recovered. The most frequently observed signs expected with overdosage of a beta-blocker are bradycardia and hypotension. Lethargy is also common, and with severe overdoses, delirium, coma, convulsions, and respiratory arrest have been reported to occur. Congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, and hypoglycemia may occur, particularly in patients with underlying conditions. With thiazide diuretics, acute intoxication is rare. OverdosageThe most prominent feature of overdose is acute loss of fluid and electrolytes. If the response is inadequate, isoproterenol or another agent with positive chronotropic properties may be given cautiously. Signs and symptoms include cardiovascular (tachycardia, hypotension, shock), neuromuscular (weakness, confusion, dizziness, cramps of the calf muscles, paresthesia, fatigue, impairment of consciousness), gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, thirst), renal (polyuria, oliguria, or anuria [due to hemoconcentration]), and laboratory findings (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, alkalosis, increased BUN [especially in patients with renal insufficiency]). |
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